By 2004, Iran had  developed a detailed, complete, sophisticated design for an implosion weapon at an installation in Parchin. See (NPEC) Lessons from China: How Soon Could Iran Get the Bomb? The design closely follows early Chinese weapons, suggesting proliferation sources other than Russia. The design underwent “cold testing”, with dummy  non-fissionable pits, with translation to a functional device enabled by knowledge and technique also subject to proliferation. Virtually all of the obstacles asserted to challenge Iran’s final steps were addressed by 2004.

Those who have advocated restraint prioritize the apparent reluctance of Khameini to approve the final steps of the program. Those who prioritize the existence of the design, and possibly bombs sans fissionable pits, note that if 90% uranium 235 were available, the bomb could be assembled almost instantaneously on the advent of the political decision. An untested bomb might not work, or it might fizzle, but the closely similar Chinese design worked the first time, as did the American Fat Man design. The Iranian implosion weapon is likely to work without testing.

An implosion bomb requires 90% uranium because it relies on compressing the pit to a fraction of its volume. The critical mass of  uranium or plutonium is roughly inversely proportional to the square of the density. When the pit is compressed, the density goes up, the pit becomes super-critical, and the chain reaction of fission proceeds for a few microseconds until the pit flies apart.

Uranium is a strong metal. Imagine compressing the steel in an I-beam to half the original thickness. This does not occur in the world we know. In an implosion  weapon, this is accomplished with very powerful and precise conventional explosives surrounding the pit, generating a spherical shock wave that converges on the pit with accuracy better than a microsecond. The precision required is so great that some method of focusing the shock waves is required. Here the Iranian weapon follows a Chinese innovation.

If the timing fails, the bomb fails. This is why implosion weapons are hard to build. With 60% uranium, the greater compression required to compensate for the reduced concentration of active material is impractical or extremely challenging.

Post-strike assessments have  not determined whether the infrastructure required to enrich from 60% to 90% has been disrupted.  We continue with the assumption that it has. What is the weapon potential of the  60% stock, if, as some think, it is hidden in the tunnels of Isfahan?

The first atomic bomb dropped on Japan, Little Boy, was not an implosion design. It was so inefficient and dangerous that only one was ever built. The design is so simple, it was used without testing. It is simple because it does not rely  on implosion at all. It was built around a surplus artillery barrel. At one end is a fixed spike made of 80% uranium-235. At the other end is the projectile, a cylindrical doughnut also made of uranium-235, which is fired at the spike by several bags of smokeless powder of the kind used in naval guns. When the spike fills the hole in the doughnut, super-criticality occurs. Even if the gunpowder ignites accidentally, there will be a nuclear explosion. This is what makes it so unsafe; a damaged gun-type weapon can still function, while an implosion weapon would likely fail.

The gun-type weapon is too heavy to fit on a missile, but it  can fit in a dhow, shipping container, or cargo aircraft. There are some circumstances in which it might be used in the Gulf against American interests without risk of massive retaliation, such as the sinking of an aircraft carrier.  Compared to plutonium weapons, uranium emits practically no radiation, making it undetectable by purely passive means, such as a Geiger counter. Active probes and close inspection are required to protect port facilities.

Of interest is how many gun-type weapons could be manufactured from Iran’s stockpile of 60% uranium. The IAEA states that Iran has a minimum of 408 kg. The original Little Boy was constructed from 80% uranium-235, and contained two critical masses. To achieve two critical masses with 60% uranium-235, more must be used.

The actual amount of 60% uranium-235 required for two critical masses is not available to open source. A napkin calculation has been performed. The short answer is that the amount of uranium must be doubled. Three gun-type weapons can be constructed from the IAEA stockpile estimate. If enrichment resumes, the metal can easily be reclaimed and converted to uranium hexaflouride. 

The napkin calc is not complicated. It piggy-backs on public knowledge about Little Boy, critical masses for various  enrichment levels, and the relationship between criticality and density. There is a mathematical trick. Since it is “techies-only”, it will be presented in a following post.

(CNN) Trump announces air strikes on three nuclear sites in Iran.

The elements of deception in this operation were impressive. You don’t always have to telegraph a punch.

Iran’s Next Move? The SAM Trap was an attempt to identify a form of retaliation not unavailable requiring resources. Events have probably moved beyond that.  One commentator has stated that, due to the inability of Iran to project air, other than missiles, or ground forces,  Israel has escalation dominance.

As far as direct confrontation with Israel, this seems reasonable. While we hope for regime change, and events that enable it, there may instead emerge a revised version of the current regime, in which overt expansionism is replaced with stoicism.  Expansionism  would become a revanchist myth, without overt repudiation. If this occurs, Iran’s goal may shift from overt obsession with Israel to regaining relevance in the international community.

Iran’s relevance has, since 1979, taken the form of making trouble for the West and Western allies, creating domestic political pressure that would undermine support for Israel.

Iran has threatened to close the Strait of Hormuz if Iran’s own oil exports are halted. Years ago, the threat was actualized as Chinese Silkworm missiles embedded in cliffs. Iran may have since added capability to this threat. Nevertheless, it does not seem feasible for a weakened Iran to halt traffic through the Strait via missile attacks for an extended period.  This problem has been war-gamed to the max.

The reader is challenged to devise a method for Iran to halt or greatly diminish traffic through the strait that is more resistant to military reversal than missiles or other elements vulnerable to air attack. From the p.o.v. of the problem, reversal of the blockade should require land invasion or diplomatic concessions.  Extra points if the Iranians can still transport their own oil.

I have an idea, but I’m not spilling the beans. Have fun, but don’t tell the Iranians!

(Youtube IsraeliPM )  Statement by Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu;  Ayatollah regime was planning to give nuclear weapons to proxies.

This was anticipated in (CNN) Israeli foreign minister: Trump admin. didn’t force Israel into accepting ceasefire ; Future Trends of M.E. Terrorism. Quoting,

One of our secular givens is that these terror groups are basically fighting for a life on earth. This implies that the land of Israel must be regained as a habitable place. This negates the possibility of a completely religious motivation, the land now a mere symbol of possession, regained as a completely sterile wasteland, incapable of human habitation. The reservoir is Syria; see After Assad; a Terror Nation-State.

This implies that non-state actors will attempt the use of weapons of mass destruction without regard for the populations for which they presumably advocate.The use of Gazans as human shields is an early form of this meme, which will evolve with greater virulence.

Israel and the U.S. possess complimentary capabilities, which is why  Trump said “it might actually help”:

• The U.S. has superlative technical intelligence and unique strike capability against hardened targets.
• Israel has unparalleled HUMINT (human intelligence) bolstered by the Jewish Diaspora and widespread dissonance in Iran.
• Israel’s strike capability against soft targets is similar to U.S. in quality, though not in quantity or reach. It is bolstered by on-the-ground damage assessment.
• This results in a well defined target dichotomy. Israel’s target is human capital, intellectual property and research facilities. The U.S. target would be industrial base.

The timing was forced by the tendency of HUMINT to go stale. Top generals are easily replaced, scientists less so. Depending upon the depth of intelligence, the strike may impede Iran’s program for a year or two.  However, it is relatively easy to cache this kind of property, both intellectual and technical, in multiple locations, not all of which may be known to Israel.

It is doubtful that the underground centrifuge halls of Natanz can be   penetrated by Israel, though above ground support structures are vulnerable. Entrance portals may be vulnerable to specialty weapons.

The regional trajectory  is unlikely to deflect by much. The inability to  extirpate Hamas should  give pause for a much larger target. Quoting from Iran’s Options for Retaliation,

The leaders and  senior politicians of Israel have all lived through  the unsuccessful attempt to influence Lebanon’s trajectory, to deny terror a sanctuary in Lebanon by skilled military intervention. Despite calls to “finish off Hezbollah”, their inner thoughts must span a range, from doubt of the achievable to realistic buying of time, time of relative security. When the enemy has 200,000 missiles, you have to do something. Perhaps time is all you can buy in the Eternal City._*

Quoting from Iran history II: two societies,

It is the living embodiment of a Plato’s Republic, incongruously set against a secular majority that pretty much does what they please — in private. The dichotomy is so severe as to seem institutionalized hypocrisy.

This culture of centuries resulted from  the melding of Abbasid and Persian cultures. It has produced Iranian negotiators rich in verbal expression and nuanced meaning, delaying  the  onset of “Haven’t we been here before?”,  entrapping Trump’s negotiators in an endless circle of words.

The above should not be construed as an opinion on military strikes. History is  a mighty river that just carries us along. Iran might buy North Korean nukes, which are much more advanced than what they are trying to build.

Dear POTUS,

No doubt you wish the mass expulsion of illegal aliens to be one of the positive aspects of your legacy. This is not about the politics of that goal.

The police, guard and marines personnel share the desire to serve.  It takes better than average people to serve well. But they, like most of us, are not mental giants. The capability to make split-second decisions is enhanced by their training, specialized to the scenarios they are expected to encounter.

A policeman is not trained to storm an objective requiring lethal force from the get-go. The training of a cop involves a very careful sequence of escalation: request,  demand, compel. Execution of this template,  switching almost instantaneously to deadly force according to the regulations of a department, is the hallmark of superior training and ability.  The ability to persuade a suspect to comply with minimum force, or any force at all, is far more complex than the use of deadly force. This is what makes the career of law enforcement rewarding. It maintains the consent of the governed, without which civil government loses all meaning. A cop practices his skills every day.

The training of the national guard  in police work is occasional and rarely practiced.  The Guard is not a law enforcement agency.  Training for civil unrest is combined with the training of a combat infantryman, which is almost entirely occupied with perfection in the use of lethal force.  This combination leads  to the possibility of horrendous error, when a unit of guardsmen  spontaneously switches from civil policing to the massive application of lethal force.

The U.S. Marines train hard to kill. “No Better Friend, No Worse Enemy”  is a valiant motto, full of honest intent. But the potential risk of misidentification of a civilian as an enemy combatant, and the resulting application of lethal force, remains. It is impossible to guarantee that a Marine in a civil situation will suppress reflexes developed for combat.

History is replete with unfortunate examples:

William Calley was by all accounts a decent guy, who regretted the My Lai massacre for the rest of his life.

The Kent State shootings were committed by 28 frightened guardsmen.

The 2005  Haditha massacre in Iraq was committed by Marines enraged by a  lethal IED. While the participants have been partly excused by the character of the war zone,  a domestic response would be unforgiving.

The risk exists of unintended death of of civilians, in confrontation with soldiers lacking the trained finesse of  professional police officers. The event is not a desirable legacy.. It makes political sense to avoid fatalities committed by federal forces. The best way to avoid this is to use the Guard and Marines strictly in a defensive capacity. Powers of arrest and detention should remain the province of DHS and other federal agencies with experience  in law enforcement.

(Axiox) CNN parent Warner Bros. Discovery to split into two companies, and 

(CNN) Warner Bros. Discovery is splitting into two companies.

Zaslav’s approach to the problems of CNN  was threefold:

• Find the right guy to run it, which took two tries.
• Foot the bill, $70M for a streaming website.
• Be patient. (Adweek)  David Zaslav Waves Off Concerns About CNN’s Ratings Woes 

One has to admire Zaslav’s commitment –, though the concept of the wild duck, the value of outliers as harbingers of the future, did not appear to resonate with him. Perhaps the split, with Zaslav as head of WBD Streaming & Studios, will land him back in his comfort zone of what movies have become –scripts, and talent — traditional fictional IP with streaming delivery, and derivative video games.

WBD Global Networks, which includes CNN, TNT Sports U.S. and Discovery, is touted as a split-off of the traditional OTA and cable networks, but it is more than that. It is also the nonfiction part of WBD. Fiction is more attractive than nonfiction. WBD CFO Gunnar Wiedenfels will have to simultaneously innovate while treading water with cable and the networks, service a $37B  debt, or ride the stock down to the floor, hopefully supported by a 20% stake in Streaming & Studios.

I would throw Wiedenfels a life preserver, but he has a reputation as a ruthless bean counter. Quoting (yahoo/finance) Who Is Gunnar Wiedenfels? WBD’s Cost-Cutting Finance Exec Picked as CEO of New TV Networks Spin-Off Comprising CNN, TBS, TNT, Discovery+ and More,

As CFO at Warner Bros. Discovery, Wiedenfels has been the face of the cost-cutting that has ensued since David Zaslav and the Discovery gang took the reins of the merged Discovery-WarnerMedia in Burbank in April 2022. As such, Wiedenfels often been the focus of frustration among employees in his role as the instigator of belt-tightening and other massive changes including a series of layoffs.

This may or may not be responsible for an organization which is unable to correctly state the weight of a moose (see SLOPPY CNN: New video shows Ukraine striking deep inside Russia; The Difference Between a Rocket and a Gun ) but it can’t help. It cannot explain the persistence of a  format — not just at CNN, but almost universally in TV news — invented by Edward R. Murrow in 1938. The CBS World News Roundup  was actually useful back then. Now it is often reproduced in a mechanical, perfunctory way as the staple template, still, for many slots, in the form of artificial conversation.

The original broadcasts are fascinating,  because the participants themselves were being informed at the same time as the broadcast audience. The modern simulacrum begins with the anchor’s query to a reporter or co-anchor, e.g., “Loretta, tell us about the corn syrup train derailment”, followed by  exactly two head nods by Loretta who can’t hear anything yet, followed unerringly by tasteful descriptions of the two people who drowned in the corn syrup, the panicked experiences of the locals who are delighted at their 15 minutes of fame, and a cut back to the anchor. CNN anchors are deservedly at the top of their  profession, hampered by this hackneyed adherence.

Now for some sketchy free advice, along the lines of CNN Shuffles the Lineup; Front Page Yellow Snow:

• Apart from excellence in politics, the rest is not very satisfying, except to  the person who will pay only four bucks a month for news. That category of customer is small. Either they want quality or they want nothing, or they want the NY Post.
• The touting of “experts”, where CNN excels in word count, has, with a shift in culture over time, come to be condescending. “Here’s what to know” deserves examination as well.
• Innovate, honestly, not via AI retreads. Journalism is a culture, and a good one, but it is not immune to the need for renewal.
• Crack the window open a little, so the wild ducks can fly in.

Does Wiedenfels have the skill of a Houdini to escape his cement boots? Or will he have to dig out the Turner Doomsday Video? The whole world is watching. 

“The greater danger for most of us lies not in setting our aim too high and falling short; but in setting our aim too low, and achieving our mark.”

 Michelangelo

***Turner Doomsday Video***

It appears the certificate has not yet been deployed. This should happen early next week.

EDIT 6/8:  The hosting company has not installed the certificate in a timely manner and has not responded to query.

EDIT: It appears the certificate has not yet been deployed. This should happen early next week.

Intel9.us now has an SSL Certificate. This means that individuals who directly access the website will no longer see the alarming browser message, “This website may damage your computer…” highlighted in red.

When I began Intel9.us eleven years ago, lack of an SSL certificate was not an issue. In my opinion, it should not be an issue for a website that  conducts no e-commerce, and does not request information from users. In some locales,  the user could be vulnerable to man-in-the-middle attacks, by substitution of  web pages generated by a third party. But in this case, you have other problems.

Nevertheless, the dire warning message generated by modern browsers, without any knowledge of what the website actually is or who runs it, required this remedy. Ironically, the SSL certificate doesn’t provide any additional security to Intel9; it just disposes of the message.

SSL encrypts the link between a user’s computer and the website, with “https” appearing in the browser address bar, sometimes after an extra click. This does not make the website itself inherently more secure.  Readers with government, media, or corporate  affiliations should continue to access Intel9 by means appropriate to their security requirements.

For the individual unaffiliated internet user, the risks are minimal.  Welcome aboard!

(CNN) Trump considers new sanctions on Russia as he grows more furious with Putin.

This has been addressed in (CNN) Trump threatens new sanctions on Russia after weeks of conciliatory statements toward Moscow. Quoting,

True to form, the Kremlin has interpreted Trump’s conciliation as a sign of weakness. Notably, they have already discounted Trump’s blustery, threatening exterior as a put-on.

Dear President Trump, all that NSC analysis might miss what’s really going on. Putin has stolen your mojo. A technical description follows:

***Theft of Mojo***